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Molecular Mechanisms of Symptom Fluctuations in Malignant Tumor Patients: Stable by Day and Severe at Night

Patients with malignant tumors often experience fluctuations in the severity of their symptoms depending on the time of day. In traditional Chinese medicine, symptoms are said to follow a pattern of “mild in the morning, stable by day, worsening in the evening, and severe at night.” This article investigates the circadian chronobiology of symptoms and…
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Relationship Between Serum Melatonin Levels and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: To investigate the association between melatonin levels and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: One hundred and ninety postmenopausal women who visited the clinic between September 2023 and September 2024 were selected and divided into 4 groups according to their disease status: the normal group (n = 45);…
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Melatonin alleviates airway inflammation and anxiety-depression in asthma via gut microbiota-SCFA axis-mediated inhibition of microglial activation

Background: Asthma frequently co-occurs with anxiety and depression, yet the mechanisms underlying this lung-brain comorbidity remain elusive. The gut-lung-brain axis has emerged as a potential key mediator. Methods: Using an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine asthma model, we administered melatonin or sodium butyrate via drinking water. We assessed airway inflammation, lung function, anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, gut microbiota composition,…
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Physiological Implications of Pancreatic Amyloid Polypeptide Aggregation and Its Inhibition by Melatonin

Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is characterized by the toxic aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP or amylin) within pancreatic β-cells. IAPP is also a neuropancreatic hormone that plays a significant role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by co-depositing with amyloid-beta (Aβ) and Tau, supporting the Type 3 Diabetes (T3D) hypothesis. Soluble IAPP accelerates Aβ aggregation…
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Melatonin as an adjuvant therapy in gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia: A randomized controlled trial

In spite of the improvement of obstetric care, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy have continued to emerge as the major causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity. Therefore, it is of interest to assess the effectiveness of melatonin as an adjuvant treatment in the management of gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia in 404 pregnant women (183 taking melatonin…
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Melatonin Supplementation in Iranian Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Exploring Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a global health challenge characterized by oxidative stress (OS) and persistent inflammation, which contribute to the progression of complications. Melatonin, a multifaceted hormone known for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has emerged as a potential therapeutic intervention in diabetes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of melatonin…
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Melatonin effects on the left ventricular function in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of melatonin on the left ventricular (LV) function in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) and to assess its potential role in enhancing cardiac performance and reducing oxidative stress. This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 80 neonates (≥ 36 weeks’ gestational age) with…
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Portulaca oleracea L. polysaccharide alleviates colitis-associated bone loss through Muribaculaceae-enriched gut microbiota and elevated colonic melatonin

Aims: Colitis and its associated bone loss are major global health concerns with limited therapeutic options. Portulaca oleracea L. polysaccharide (POP) has been suggested to ameliorate both conditions via microbiota modulation. The study aimed to explore whether POP can alleviate colitis-associated bone loss and its underling mechanism. Methods: A murine model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis…
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Melatonin Supplementation Improves Pain, Sleep Quality, and Total Plasma Antioxidant Capacity in Women with Fibrocystic Breast Disease: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial

Objective: Fibrocystic breast disease (FBD) is a prevalent benign breast disorder primarily affecting women of reproductive age. Characterized by breast pain (mastalgia), cystic and solid breast lesions, and associated hormonal imbalances. Melatonin, a hormone produced by the pineal gland, exhibits potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and has been shown to improve sleep quality and mental health in various…
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Transient responses of melatonin to stress

Melatonin and stress Melatonin and its metabolites are ubiquitous antioxidants that are produced in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in virtually all cells of the body. The highest reported melatonin values in plasma and sweat occur during heavy exercise both indoors and outdoors during the day. The advent of sweat biosensors with sufficient melatonin…
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The Pathogenetic Role of Melatonin in Migraine and Its Theoretic Implications for Pharmacotherapy: A Brief Overview of the Research

Migraine is a chronic disease of global concern, regardless of socio-economic and cultural background. It most often and intensely affects young adults, especially women. Numerous mechanisms of a migraine attack have been identified (disturbances in the reaction of vessels, functions of neurotransmitters, cortical neurons, ion channels, receptors, the process of neurogenic inflammation), and many of…
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It’s About Time: The Circadian Network as Time-Keeper for Cognitive Functioning, Locomotor Activity and Mental Health

A variety of organisms including mammals have evolved a 24h, self-sustained timekeeping machinery known as the circadian clock (biological clock), which enables to anticipate, respond, and adapt to environmental influences such as the daily light and dark cycles. Proper functioning of the clock plays a pivotal role in the temporal regulation of a wide range…
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The safety and efficacy of melatonin in the treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: As an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the common signs of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are respiratory symptoms, fever, cough, shortness of breath, and dyspnea, with multiple organ injuries in severe cases. Therefore, finding drugs to prevent and treat COVID-19 is urgently needed and expected by the public.…
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Melatonin use during pregnancy and lactation: A scoping review of human studies

Objective: The prevalence of sleep disorders during the perinatal period is high and large health administrative database surveys have shown that the use of exogenous melatonin in pregnant populations is quite common, about 4%. Much of the concern about using melatonin during pregnancy and breastfeeding stems from animal research. Thus, the objective of this article is…
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Melatonin Alleviates Hyperglycemia-Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis via Regulation of Long Non-Coding RNA H19/miR-29c/MAPK Axis in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

Recent studies revealed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a crucial role in pathophysiological processes involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) that contribute to heart failure. The present study was designed to further investigate the anti-apoptotic effect of melatonin on cardiomyocytes in diabetic conditions, and to elucidate the potential mechanisms associated with ncRNAs. In animal models, we…
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Melatonin Maintains Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier by Regulating Microglia via Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/Stat3/NF-κB Signaling Pathways in Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy

Microglial activation and melatonin protection have been reported in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Whether melatonin could regulate microglia to protect the inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB) remains unknown. In this study, the role of microglia in iBRB breakdown and the mechanisms of melatonin’s regulation on microglia were explored. In diabetic rat retinas, activated microglia proliferated and migrated…
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The role of melatonin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease

In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its related disorders like obesity, the abnormal protein processing, oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines will drive the activation of inflammatory pathways, leading to low-grade chronic inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) in the periphery and impaired neuronal insulin signaling in the brain. Studies have shown that such inflammation and…
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Melatonin: A mitochondrial resident with a diverse skill set

Melatonin is an ancient molecule that originated in bacteria. When these prokaryotes were phagocytized by early eukaryotes, they eventually developed into mitochondria and chloroplasts. These new organelles retained the melatonin synthetic capacity of their forerunners such that all present-day animal and plant cells may produce melatonin in their mitochondria and chloroplasts. Melatonin concentrations are higher…
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Efficacy and Safety of Melatonin as Prophylaxis for Migraine in Adults: A Meta-analysis

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of melatonin for migraine prophylaxis in adults. Methods: After a comprehensive literature search in the MEDLINE, Cochrane Database, and International Clinical Trial Registry Platform databases, reviewers extracted data from three relevant articles. PRISMA guidelines were followed in the selection, analysis, and reporting of the findings. Quality assessment was performed using…
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Melatonin in sleep disorders

Melatonin is the main hormone involved in the control of the sleep-wake cycle. It is easily synthesisable and can be administered orally, which has led to interest in its use as a treatment for insomnia. Moreover, as production of the hormone decreases with age, in inverse correlation with the frequency of poor sleep quality, it…
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Molecular Mechanisms of Symptom Fluctuations in Malignant Tumor Patients: Stable by Day and Severe at Night

Relationship Between Serum Melatonin Levels and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Melatonin alleviates airway inflammation and anxiety-depression in asthma via gut microbiota-SCFA axis-mediated inhibition of microglial activation

Physiological Implications of Pancreatic Amyloid Polypeptide Aggregation and Its Inhibition by Melatonin

Melatonin as an adjuvant therapy in gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia: A randomized controlled trial

Melatonin Supplementation in Iranian Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Exploring Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

Melatonin effects on the left ventricular function in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension

Portulaca oleracea L. polysaccharide alleviates colitis-associated bone loss through Muribaculaceae-enriched gut microbiota and elevated colonic melatonin

Melatonin Supplementation Improves Pain, Sleep Quality, and Total Plasma Antioxidant Capacity in Women with Fibrocystic Breast Disease: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial

Transient responses of melatonin to stress

The Pathogenetic Role of Melatonin in Migraine and Its Theoretic Implications for Pharmacotherapy: A Brief Overview of the Research

It’s About Time: The Circadian Network as Time-Keeper for Cognitive Functioning, Locomotor Activity and Mental Health

The safety and efficacy of melatonin in the treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Melatonin use during pregnancy and lactation: A scoping review of human studies

Melatonin Alleviates Hyperglycemia-Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis via Regulation of Long Non-Coding RNA H19/miR-29c/MAPK Axis in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

Melatonin Maintains Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier by Regulating Microglia via Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/Stat3/NF-κB Signaling Pathways in Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy

The role of melatonin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease

Melatonin: A mitochondrial resident with a diverse skill set

Efficacy and Safety of Melatonin as Prophylaxis for Migraine in Adults: A Meta-analysis

Melatonin in sleep disorders

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